High‐Resolution Local Earthquake Tomography Beneath the Zagros Simply Folded Belt (SFB): Implications for an Inhomogeneous Low‐Velocity Layer and Diapirism in the Upper Crust

Abstract

Abstract Hormuz salt formation is considered the origin of the evaporated salt deposits in the Zagros and its ductile behavior has been known as the reason for the inhomogeneous deformation in the Zagros. However, our knowledge about this formation has been limited to the salt domes on the surface. In our study, local earthquakes recorded by a temporary dense seismological network of 17 stations, deployed in the southern margin of the Zagros Simply Folded Belt (SFB) in southwestern Iran, have been used for seismic imaging. The high‐resolution earthquake local tomography revealed the first geophysical evidence about the Hormuz salt layer and its extension at depth. There is an uneven layer located at a depth of 8–12 km as the origin of extruded salt in this region through a shear fault zone and the production of the Dashti Salt Dome at the Kuh‐e‐Namak Mountain. Based on the obtained results, this layer is characterized by low seismic velocity volumes with significant Vp/Vs ratio variations. The seismic image is also consistent with a major NW‐trending NE‐dipping reverse fault, probably responsible for the 9 April 2013 Kaki earthquake. At depth of around 4 km, smaller scale high velocity anomalies, characterized by a high Vp/Vs ratio, may be related to the fluid saturated sediments in the uppermost sedimentary layer.

Keywords

• the Hormuz salt layer
• the SFB
• seismic tomography
• low velocity anomalies