BMC Cancer (Jun 2023)

A cisplatin conjugate with tumor cell specificity exhibits antitumor effects in renal cancer models

  • Stefan Mrdenovic,
  • Yanping Wang,
  • Lijuan Yin,
  • Gina Chia-Yi Chu,
  • Yan Ou,
  • Michael S. Lewis,
  • Marija Heffer,
  • Edwin M. Posadas,
  • Haiyen E. Zhau,
  • Leland W. K. Chung,
  • Mouad Edderkaoui,
  • Stephen J. Pandol,
  • Ruoxiang Wang,
  • Yi Zhang

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-10878-3
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 23, no. 1
pp. 1 – 9

Abstract

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Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and is notorious for its resistance to both chemotherapy and small-molecule inhibitor targeted therapies. Subcellular targeted cancer therapy may thwart the resistance to produce a substantial effect. Methods We tested whether the resistance can be circumvented by subcellular targeted cancer therapy with DZ-CIS, which is a chemical conjugate of the tumor-cell specific heptamethine carbocyanine dye (HMCD) with cisplatin (CIS), a chemotherapeutic drug with limited use in ccRCC treatment because of frequent renal toxicity. Results DZ-CIS displayed cytocidal effects on Caki-1, 786-O, ACHN, and SN12C human ccRCC cell lines and mouse Renca cells in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited ACHN and Renca tumor formation in experimental mouse models. Noticeably, in tumor-bearing mice, repeated DZ-CIS use did not cause renal toxicity, in contrast to the CIS-treated control animals. In ccRCC tumors, DZ-CIS treatment inhibited proliferation markers but induced cell death marker levels. In addition, DZ-CIS at half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) sensitized Caki-1 cells to small-molecule mTOR inhibitors. Mechanistically, DZ-CIS selectively accumulated in ccRCC cells’ subcellular organelles, where it damages the structure and function of mitochondria, leading to cytochrome C release, caspase activation, and apoptotic cancer cell death. Conclusions Results from this study strongly suggest DZ-CIS be tested as a safe and effective subcellular targeted cancer therapy.

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