Association between modified dietary inflammation index score and lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density in patients with hypertension: data from NHANES—a population-based study

Abstract

Abstract Background The modified Dietary Inflammation Index Score (M-DIS) is a scoring system used to quantify the inflammatory effects of nutrients and foods. Inflammation may affect Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The purpose of this study was to utilize data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to evaluate the relationship between M-DIS and lumbar vertebrae BMD in patients with hypertension. Methods Data from 2007 to 2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014 and 2017–2018 NHANES cycles were collected for secondary analysis. Information provided by NHANES participants included complete dietary intake interviews and BMD measurements. M-DIS was calculated based on dietary intake interviews. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to evaluate the average BMD of lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4). As an indicator of bone health, weighted multiple logistic regression and restricted spline analysis were utilized to study the relationship between M-DIS and lumbar vertebrae BMD in American patients with hypertension. Results A total of 3864 participants aged ≥ 20 years with complete data were included in this study. The proportion of osteopenia in the lumbar spine was 7.2%. After adjusting for confounding factors, negative correlations were observed between the BMD of each vertebral and its average BMD with M-DIS. In Model 3, the relationship between mean lumbar BMD and M-DIS was β = − 0.0103 (95% CI − 0.0160 to − 0.0046, P < 0.001). Notably, L1 showed a particularly significant negative correlation with β = − 0.0120 (95% CI − 0.0172 to − 0.0067, P < 0.001), while the proportion of osteopenia was highest in the L3 vertebra, accounting for 8.3%. Higher M-DIS was positively correlated with the incidence of osteopenia (OR 0.595, 95% CI 0.371–0.965, P = 0.041). Further analyses revealed that in hypertensive patients, elevated M-DIS in women was associated with lower lumbar BMD (P for nonlinearity = 0.093), while this trend was not significant in hypertensive men. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that a higher M-DIS (pro-inflammatory diet) is significantly associated with BMD in females with hypertension. These results indicate that female with hypertension who prefer a pro-inflammatory diet may be at an increased risk of osteopenia, highlighting the necessity for tailored dietary recommendations.

Keywords

• Lumbar vertebrae
• Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
• Modified Dietary Inflammation Index Score (M-DIS)
• Hypertension
• Pro-inflammatory diet