Relief formation of the Selenga River delta in different periods of water content during the technogenic stage of development

Abstract

The technogenic stage of relief formation of the river mouth systems of the Lake Baikal coast occurred during the rise of the basic level in the 50-70 years of the last century and continues to the present time. In the considered stage, there were at least 6 anomalies of river flow, which caused the onset of low-water and high-water periods in the Baikal basin. Changes in the basic conditions of formation of the Baikal coast were significantly reflected in the morphology of the largest river mouth system of the Selenga River, representing the protruding delta. The fluvial process is leading in delta-forming and is controlled by the level of the receiving reservoir, hydro-climatic events in the basin and seismotectonic manifestations in the coastal zone. During the mentioned period at the top of the Delta, there was a change of the type of channel process, the restructuring of the channel network, the formation of flood-plain terrace, channel meso – and microforms was noted. Morphometric analysis of cartographic data allowed building a hydrological and geomorphological model development of the relief of the Delta, as well as for the time sections corresponding to the periods of low water and high water.