Tailoring lithium concentration in alloy anodes for long cycling and high areal capacity in sulfide-based all solid-state batteries
Zaifa Wang,
Jun Zhao,
Xuedong Zhang,
Zhaoyu Rong,
Yongfu Tang,
Xinyu Liu,
Lingyun Zhu,
Liqiang Zhang,
Jianyu Huang
Affiliations
Zaifa Wang
Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Jun Zhao
Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Xuedong Zhang
Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
Zhaoyu Rong
Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Yongfu Tang
Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China; Corresponding authors.
Xinyu Liu
Guilin Electrical Equipment Scientific Research Institute Co., Ltd, Guilin, 541004, China
Lingyun Zhu
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Corresponding authors.
Liqiang Zhang
Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Corresponding authors.
Jianyu Huang
Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China; Corresponding authors.
Lithium–indium (Li-In) alloys are important anode materials for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), but how different Li concentrations in the alloy anodes impact the electrochemical performance of ASSBs remains unexplored. This paper systematically investigates the impact that different Li concentrations in Li-In anodes have on the performance of ASSBs. We show that In with 1 wt% Li (LiIn-1) exhibits the best performance for ASSBs among all the tested Li-In anodes. In essence, LiIn-1 not only provides sufficient Li to compensate for first-cycle capacity loss in the anode but also facilitates the formation of a LiIn alloy phase that has the best charge transfer kinetics among all the LixIn alloy phases. The ASSB with a LiIn-1 anode and a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode reached 3400 cycles at an initial capacity of 125 mAh/g. Remarkably, ASSBs with a high cathode active material (CAM) loading of 36 mg/cm2 delivered a high areal capacity of 4.05 mAh/cm2 at high current density (4.8 mA/cm2), with a capacity retention of 92% after 740 cycles. At an ultra-high CAM loading of 55.3 mg/cm2, the ASSB achieved a stable areal capacity of 8.4 mAh/cm2 at current density of 1.7 mA/cm2. These results bring us one step closer to the practical application of ASSBs.
