Glaucoma and its predictors among adult patients attending ophthalmic outpatient department: a hospital-based study, North West Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract Background Nearly 1.9% of global blindness is caused by glaucoma and this is sadly high in Africa which is around 15% and In Ethiopia, glaucoma is responsible for 5.2% of blindness. It is also the fifth cause of blindness in Ethiopia. Scarce information is available regarding glaucoma in Ethiopia; hence we determined the proportion of glaucoma and its associated factors in North West Ethiopia which will be utilized for future related researches and different stakeholders. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1/2020 to February 30/21 among 258 adults aged 40 and above years old. The participants were selected using the systematic random sampling technique. The data was collected using an interview-administered questionnaire. Binary and Multi-variable logistic regressions were fitted to identify independent predictors of glaucoma. P-value less than 0.05 were used as a cutoff point for declaring statistical significance. Results The prevalence of glaucoma was 66(26%) with a 95% CI of 17.7, 35.4%). Individuals with Positive family history of glaucoma (AOR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.03–3.53), age (AOR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.92–5.99) and elevated intraocular pressure (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.45–6.59) were statistically significant contributing factors for the development of glaucoma. Conclusion The study found a relatively high proportion of glaucoma in the study area, which is primarily a disease of the elderly. Age, elevated intraocular pressure, and positive family history of glaucoma was contributing factors for the emergence of glaucoma. Therefore, establishing public awareness programs about the identified risk factors for the prevention and early detection of cases is essential.

Keywords

• Cross-sectional study
• Ethiopia
• Glaucoma
• Predictors
• Prevalence