Zhongguo youzhi (May 2024)
云南主栽品种核桃油的提取及与市售核桃油 功能活性成分比较Extraction of oil from main cultivars of walnut in Yunnan and comparison of the functional active ingredients with commercial walnut oil
Abstract
为选择适宜的云南核桃油提取工艺，以云南主栽品种核桃为原料，分别采用液压压榨法、螺旋压榨法、水剂法制备核桃油，对比3种制油方式所得核桃油的理化指标、功能活性成分，并对比分析水剂法提取的3个云南主栽品种‘漾泡’‘三台’‘细香’核桃油与6个市售核桃油的功能活性成分。结果表明：水剂法、液压压榨法和螺旋压榨法核桃油的酸值、过氧化值、碘值、皂化值、水分及挥发物含量、脂肪酸组成及含量均符合国标要求；水剂法核桃油的α-生育酚、γ-生育酚、角鲨烯、 β-谷甾醇含量均高于液压压榨法和螺旋压榨法核桃油的；水剂法核桃油的α-生育酚、γ-生育酚、角鲨烯、 β-谷甾醇、褪黑素、 β-胡萝卜素含量均显著高于市售核桃油的。水剂法可得到品质较好、功能活性成分含量较高的核桃油，可用于云南主栽品种核桃油的提取。To select the appropriate extraction process of Yunnan walnut oil,with the main cultivars of walnut in Yunnan as raw materials, walnut oil was prepared by hydraulic pressing, screw pressing and aqueous method respectively, and the physicochemical indexes and functional active ingredients of walnut oil obtained by three oil production methods were compared. The functional active ingredients of walnut oil extracted by aqueous method from three main cultivars ‘Yangpao’‘Santai’ ‘Xixiang’ in Yunnan were compared with six commercial walnut oils. The results showed that the acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, moisture and volatile matter content and fatty acid composition and content of the walnut oils extracted by aqueous method, hydraulic pressing and screw pressing were all in line with the requirements of the national standard. The contents of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, squalene and β-sitosterol in walnut oil obtained by aqueous method were significantly higher than those in hydraulic pressed and screw pressed oils. The contents of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, squalene, β-sitosterol, melatonin and β-carotene in walnut oil obtained by aqueous method were significantly higher than those in commercial walnut oils. Walnut oil with good quality and high functional active ingredients content can be obtained by aqueous method, and aqueous method can be used for the extraction of walnut oil from main cultivars in Yunnan.
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