Research Progress on Fusarium Mycotoxins in Plant and Pathogen Interactions

Abstract

Fusarium is one of the most important plant pathogens in the world, affecting plant growth and development and posing a serious threat to global food security and biodiversity. Almost all Fusarium species produce fungal toxins, which are diverse and highly toxic. On the one hand, they can participate in the pathogenic process of Fusarium as one of the pathogenic factors, and on the other hand, they can contaminate food and feed, leading to related diseases in humans and animals. Previous studies have shown that different types of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium infection not only poison plant cells and cause necrosis of plant tissues, but also accelerate the infection of pathogenic fungi. At the same time, in response to the mycotoxins produced by pathogenic fungi, plants activate defense enzymes and initiate the expression of defense related genes, or convert the pathogenic factors into non-toxic or low toxic substances and transport them out of the cell, or directly inhibit the biosynthesis of pathogenic mycotoxins by secreting secondary metabolites. To comprehensively analyze the role of Fusarium mycotoxin in pathogen infection of plants and improve their resistance to pathogens, this article reviews the types, toxicity mechanisms, and roles of mycotoxins in the interaction between plants and pathogens in Fusarium. It also discusses the defense response strategies of plants to mycotoxins, with an aim to provide references for future research on the pathogenic mechanism and pathogen control strategies of Fusarium mycotoxins.

Keywords

• fusarium
• mycotoxin
• toxic mechanism
• plant and pathogen interaction
• detoxification enzyme
• transport protein
• secondary metabolite