Exploring the Potential of Invasive Species <i>Sargassum muticum</i>: Microwave-Assisted Extraction Optimization and Bioactivity Profiling
Aurora Silva,
Lucia Cassani,
Maria Carpena,
Catarina Lourenço-Lopes,
Clara Grosso,
Franklin Chamorro,
Pascual García-Pérez,
Ana Carvalho,
Valentina F. Domingues,
M. Fátima Barroso,
Jesus Simal-Gandara,
Miguel A. Prieto
Affiliations
Aurora Silva
Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Lucia Cassani
Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Maria Carpena
Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Clara Grosso
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-072 Porto, Portugal
Franklin Chamorro
Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Pascual García-Pérez
Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Ana Carvalho
Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
Valentina F. Domingues
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-072 Porto, Portugal
M. Fátima Barroso
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-072 Porto, Portugal
Jesus Simal-Gandara
Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Miguel A. Prieto
Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Sargassum muticum (SM) poses a serious environmental issue since it is a fast-expanding invasive species occupying key areas of the European shoreline, disrupting the autochthonous algae species, and disturbing the ecosystem. This problem has concerned the general population and the scientific community. Nevertheless, as macroalgae are recognized as a source of bioactive molecules, the abundance of SM presents an opportunity as a raw material. In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied as a tool for the optimization of the extraction of bioactive compounds from SM by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Five different parameters were used as target functions: yield, total phenolic content (TPC); and the antioxidant measurements of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and β-carotene bleaching (BC). After the optimal extraction conditions were determined (time = 14.00 min; pressure = 11.03 bar; ethanol = 33.31%), the chemical composition and bioactivity of the optimum extract was evaluated to appraise its antioxidant capability to scavenge reactive species and as a potential antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiproliferation, and neuroprotective agent. The results lead to the conclusion that MAE crude extract has bioactive properties, being especially active as an antiproliferation agent and as a nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenger.
