The role of red californian earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in polymer waste decomposition

Abstract

This study delves into an in-depth exploration of the physiological and behavioral characteristics of Eisenia fetida, also referred to as the red Californian earthworm, thriving within the arid climate of Turkmenistan. The investigation encompasses an extensive assessment of their growth rates across different seasons, shedding valuable insight into the exceptional adaptability of these earthworms in diverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, it endeavors to elucidate the remarkable potential of red Californian earthworms in effectively consuming polyethylene film and plastic particles, thereby accentuating their substantial and pivotal role in the degradation of polymer waste within ecosystems. The current global production of polyethylene and plastic waste amounts to an astounding 2 billion tons daily, of which a mere 20% undergoes recycling for the production of new goods. The disproportionate amount of unrecycled waste is released indiscriminately into the ecosystem, posing a formidable environmental challenge. Polymer waste exhibits an exceptionally slow decomposition rate, spanning over 400-500 years [1, 2], or emits hazardous compounds, such as dioxins, when subjected to incineration. Hence, the integration of red Californian earthworms in the natural decomposition of polymer waste, facilitating the conversion of hazardous material into a beneficial, waste-free by-product, emerges as a critical and pressing consideration. This investigation represents an inaugural exploration into the capacity of red Californian earthworms to decompose polyethylene and plastic waste, shedding illuminating light on their potential pivotal role in fostering ecologically sustainable waste management practices and furthering our understanding of ecosystem restoration.