Gut microbiota composition during infancy and subsequent behavioural outcomes
Amy Loughman,
Anne-Louise Ponsonby,
Martin O'Hely,
Christos Symeonides,
Fiona Collier,
Mimi L.K. Tang,
John Carlin,
Sarath Ranganathan,
Katrina Allen,
Angela Pezic,
Richard Saffery,
Felice Jacka,
Leonard C. Harrison,
Peter D. Sly,
Peter Vuillermin
Affiliations
Amy Loughman
Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
Anne-Louise Ponsonby
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
Martin O'Hely
Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
Christos Symeonides
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Fiona Collier
Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
Mimi L.K. Tang
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
John Carlin
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Sarath Ranganathan
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Katrina Allen
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Angela Pezic
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
Richard Saffery
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Felice Jacka
Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
Leonard C. Harrison
The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Peter D. Sly
The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
Peter Vuillermin
Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; Corresponding author at: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 281 Ryrie Street Geelong, 3220, Australia.
Background: Despite intense interest in the relationship between gut microbiota and brain development, longitudinal data from human studies are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the composition of gut microbiota during infancy and subsequent behavioural outcomes. Methods: A subcohort of 201 children with behavioural outcome measures was identified within a longitudinal, Australian birth-cohort study. The faecal microbiota were analysed at 1, 6, and 12 months of age. Behavioural outcomes were measured at 2 years of age. Findings: In an unselected birth cohort, we found a clear association between decreased normalised abundance of Prevotella in faecal samples collected at 12 months of age and increased behavioural problems at 2 years, in particular Internalizing Problem scores. This association appeared independent of multiple potentially confounding variables, including maternal mental health. Recent exposure to antibiotics was the best predictor of decreased Prevotella. Interpretation: Our findings demonstrate a strong association between the composition of the gut microbiota in infancy and subsequent behavioural outcomes; and support the importance of responsible use of antibiotics during early life. Funding: This study was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (1082307, 1147980, 1129813), The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Perpetual Trustees, and The Shepherd Foundation. The funders had no involvement in the data collection, analysis or interpretation, trial design, recruitment or any other aspect pertinent to the study. Keywords: Infant, Behaviour, Microbiota, Gut-brain axis
