Repenser la « troisième voie » portugaise : dictature et modèles corporatifs dans l’après-guerre (1945-1956)

Abstract

Can one speak of a corporatist path after the end of the Second World War? Did the end of the era of fascism also mark the demise of the idea of a third way between capitalism and communism? After 1945, what was the parable of Catholic corporatism? To answer these questions, this article looks at the Iberian Peninsula. If the end of the Second World War did not bring the dictatorial experiences of Salazar and Franco to an end, it did lead to rethinking the corporatist doctrine, the cornerstone of the social policies of the two regimes in preceding years. In the years following the war, the two dictatorships attempted to demonstrate how, from the outset, they advocated a third way of their own that had little to do with the Italian corporative doctrine. However, the fascist Carta del Lavoro of 1927 influenced the drafting of the Estatuto do Trabalho nacional of 1933 and the Fuero del Trabajo of 1940. By studying the debate on the relationship between the State, the labour world and the business world, this article aims to understand how much of the fascist experience remained implicit and how much was made explicit but also how the corporative experience in the two countries changed through the affirmation of the national-catholic theory over the fascist theory. For this reason, the period considered is 1945 to 1953, at a time when a debate developed in Catholic circles on the possibility of asserting a new corporatist model to replace the fascist model.

Keywords

• Fascism
• Caetano (Marcelo)
• Gabinete de Estudos Corporativos
• corporatism of association