Инфекция и иммунитет (Dec 2024)
Current perspectives of virotherapy as a cancer treatment strategy
Abstract
Analysis of scientific literature presented in the main databases (PubMed, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Scopus) evidence that after cardiovascular diseases malignant tumors hold the second place among the most common causes of mortality in both developed and developing countries, with therapy of oncological diseases requiring to seek out for new approaches, since many types of malignant tumors are resistant to traditional treatment methods. The review was aimed at assessing a potential of virotherapy application for treatment of oncologic diseases in modern conditions. The review evaluates one of treatment methods for oncologic diseases based on using oncolytic viruses, including 9 families (Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, Reoviridae, Poxviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Togaviridae, Rhabdoviridae) — a virotherapy, and briefly outlines its development, including Russia. The described mechanisms of action for oncolytic viruses are divided into two groups: i) recognition by oncolytic viruses of specific receptors on tumor cells, their infection and destruction via autophagy, necrosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis or blast pathway; ii) activation of antitumor immunity. Molecular basement of oncolytic virus action is discussed including types of virotherapy application, opportunity to combine oncolytic virus therapy with other means of oncologic diseases treatment. Some drugs based on such approaches are described, particularly talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) that was approved in 2015 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Clinical trials with oncolytic virus-based drugs and their results are presented. It is concluded that virotherapy is a promising direction in treatment of oncologic diseases, which has a number of advantages over traditional methods of treatment, but at the same time has a number of disadvantages and requires further investigation.
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