علوم محیطی (Jun 2024)
Monitoring Temporal Changes of Land Use in Khoda Afarin and Kalibar Cities Using Remote Sensing Technology
Abstract
Introduction: Investigating changes in land cover is one of the most important aspects of natural resource management and environmental changes. With the increase of urban and rural areas and the necessities of human life, changes are made on the surface of the earth. These changes are caused by the conflict between the needs of human societies and environmental constraints on Earth. In this research, using remote sensing techniques, the monitoring of land surface changes in Khoda Afarin and Kalibar cities was investigated using remote sensing technology during a period of 20 years (2000-2020). Material and Methods: In order to perform statistical and visual analysis of MODIS sensor images installed on Terra and Aqua satellites, for the period of 2000 to 2020, the method of classification and extraction of the earth's surface cover was studied. The IGBP classification method was used in 17 classes to classify land use. Then, based on the model and classification method, they were processed in the Arc GIS software environment. The area of each land use was calculated in each year. Natural factors affecting land use changes were used from the daily rainfall data for the studied period. Based on these values, the trend of changes in precipitation and drought was drawn according to the SPI standard precipitation index in the software environment. Results and Discussion: Twenty MODIS sensor images were analyzed for the period under study and annual maps and change trend charts of each land use were drawn. The land use coverage in the years 2001, 2002 and 2003 showed that the largest area was related to agriculture in 2001, followed by pasture. This trend continued from 2002 to 2003.. In these years, the process of forest destruction and change of use from forest to pasture and then agriculture has started. From 2004 to 2006, Bayer's unfavorable coverage is visible. In the years 2007 to 2009, regarding dam construction the water coverage and the area under cultivation increased and in the years 2010 to 2012, the city and man-made buildings increased significantly, and from 2012 to 2020, the process of destroying forests and turning them into pastures and then agricultural lands in the year. The end of the investigated period is also quite evident, and also by examining the natural factors, the amount of rainfall and drought during the 20-year period has had a downward trend. Conclusion: The results show that the area of forest and shrub cover has decreased, and instead, there has been a significant increase in barren, water, pasture and agricultural cover, although the increase in water cover is due to the construction of dams in the study area. Also, the results of examining the amount of precipitation and drought show that the trend of precipitation is decreasing and relatively severe droughts have occurred in the region.
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