Light-chain proximal tubulopathy: a retrospective study from a single Chinese nephrology referral center

Abstract

Background: Light-chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT) is a rare disease characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal light chains within proximal tubular cells. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of LCPT from a single Chinese nephrology referral center.Methods: Patients with kidney biopsy-proven isolated LCPT between 2016 and 2022 at Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively included. Clinical data, kidney pathological type, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed.Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled, the mean age at diagnosis was 57 ± 11 and the sex ratio was 6/13 (female/male). Mean proteinuria was 2.44 ± 1.89 g/24 hr and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the point of biopsy was 59.640 ± 27.449 ml/min/1.73 m2. κ-restriction (84%) was dominant among LCPTs. An abnormal free light chain ratio was observed in 86% of the patients. Proximal tubulopathy with cytoplasmic inclusions accounted for the majority (53%), followed by tubulopathy associated with interstitial inflammation reaction (26%), proximal tubulopathy without cytoplasmic inclusions (16%), and proximal tubulopathy with lysosomal indigestion/constipation (5%). One patient presented with acute kidney injury and 16 patients presented with chronic kidney disease. Regarding follow-up, patients received bortezomib-based or R-CHOP chemotherapy or supportive treatment only. The mean follow-up time was 22 ± 16 months, and the mean eGFR was 63.098 ± 27.439 ml/min/1.73 m2 at the end of follow-up. These patients showed improved or stable kidney function.Conclusions: This is the first case series report of LCPT in four different pathological types in northern China. Clone-targeted chemotherapy may help preserve the kidney function in these patients.

Keywords

• LCPT
• monoclonal gammopathy
• free light chain
• renal biopsy