Biotechnology and Solutions: Insect-Pest-Resistance Management for Improvement and Development of Bt Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.)
Abdul Razzaq,
Muhammad Mubashar Zafar,
Arfan Ali,
Pengtao Li,
Fariha Qadir,
Laviza Tuz Zahra,
Fiza Shaukat,
Abdul Hafeez Laghari,
Youlu Yuan,
Wankui Gong
Affiliations
Abdul Razzaq
National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, The Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China
Muhammad Mubashar Zafar
National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, The Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China
Arfan Ali
Four Brothers Private Limited, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
Pengtao Li
School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
Fariha Qadir
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
Laviza Tuz Zahra
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
Fiza Shaukat
Center of Agri-Cultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Abdul Hafeez Laghari
Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University Sub Campus Umerkot, Sindh 64470, Pakistan
Youlu Yuan
National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, The Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China
Wankui Gong
National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, The Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China
Cotton (Gossypium spp. L.) is a major origin of natural fiber, and is projected at 117 million bales worldwide for 2021/22. A variety of biotic and abiotic stresses have considerable negative impacts on cotton. The significantly decreased applications of chemical insecticidal sprays in the agro-ecosystem have greatly affected the biodiversity and dynamics of primary and secondary insects. Various control measures were taken around the globe to increase production costs. Temperature, drought, and salinity, and biotic stresses such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, insects, and mites cause substantial losses to cotton crops. Here, we summarize a number of biotic and abiotic stresses upsetting Bt cotton crop with present and future biotechnology solution strategies that include a refuge strategy, multi-gene pyramiding, the release of sterile insects, seed mixing, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9, biotic signaling, and the use of bioagents. Surveillance of insect resistance, monitoring of grower compliance, and implementation of remedial actions can lead to the sustainable use of cotton across the globe.
