Advanced strategic constructions of diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives‐based organic semiconducting phototheranostics

Abstract

Abstract Phototheranostics as an advanced approach involved in exogenous light‐mediated diagnosis and treatment techniques has attracted broad attention in interdisciplinary biomedical applications. Over the years, deep‐tissue and high‐resolution imaging techniques, such as second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence imaging and photoacoustic imaging, are deemed to be dramatically promising diagnostic approaches. In addition, photonic relevant treatments containing photothermal and photodynamic therapy show great superiorities owing to its high spatiotemporal selectivity and minimal invasiveness. Due to the unique chemical and photophysical properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), its derivatives are studied for precision phototheranostics. In this review, the recent progress of DPP agents in the molecular design and biological application for advanced phototheranostics was highlighted, focusing on advanced phototheranostics, such as photoactivated theranostics, tumor microenvironment‐activated theranostics, and hypoxia‐tolerant phototheranostics. In general, this review provides meaningful and directive references for molecular design of phototheranostic platforms in advanced biomedical research.

Keywords

• diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives
• organic semiconducting nanomaterials
• phototheranostics
• phototherapy
• tumor microenvironment