CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SPRINGS AS AN INDICATOR OF NATURAL-TECHNOGENIC EVOLUTION OF THE URBAN ECOSYSTEM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOMSK CITY, SOUTH-EAST OF WESTERN SIBERIA)

Abstract

The relevance of the study is determined by the need for the integrated use of springs in the urban environment and the expediency of their use as an indicator of changes in its natural and man-made changes. Such studies are relevant for the territory of Tomsk in the context of the limited availability of observation and production wells, but a large number of springs in different parts of the city, reflecting the state of the feeding and transit zones of groundwater formed under various conditions of anthropogenic load. The main aim is to identify natural and anthropogenic changes in the chemical composition of spring waters as an indicator of the corresponding changes in the urban environment. Objects: springs on the territory of Tomsk (Western Siberia). Methods: modern methods for determining the chemical composition of groundwater, statistical methods. Results. The analysis of the ecological and geochemical state of spring waters on the territory of Tomsk (Western Siberia) in 2020–2021 has been carried out. It was shown that the highest concentrations of dissolved salts were found in spring waters in the area downstream of the mouth of the river Ushaika and in its valley as a result of anthropogenic factors and unloading of groundwater with a salinity of more than 1 g/dm3, including, most likely, from the Cretaceous deposits of the Ob-Tomsk interfluve. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that the anthropogenic influencing factors include not only surface pollution in industrial areas or infiltration of surface runoff, including the products of dissolution and transformation of the sand-salt mixture to improve the operating conditions of urban roads, but also changes in the intensity and structure of underground water exchange due to construction and operation of pile foundations, drainage and water supply systems. Conclusions are drawn about the need to create and analyze a mathematical model for the formation of underground runoff in the city of Tomsk and in the adjacent territories to design and improve the efficiency of existing storm sewage systems, sewage of household wastewater, water and heat supply, as well as the inexpediency of using the springs of the city of Tomsk as alternative sources of water supply due to the peculiarities of the chemical composition of their waters and the factors of their formation.

Keywords

• chemical composition
• springs
• the city of tomsk
• western siberia
• natural and anthropogenic changes in the urban environment