Comprehensive analysis of diagnosis and treatment in 99 cases of abdominal Schwannoma

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Schwannoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor. In this study, we analyzed clinicopathologically 99 schwannomas.This retrospective study delves into the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical dimensions of abdominal schwannomas. Results A cohort of 99 cases, comprising 4 malignant and 95 benign schwannomas, was meticulously examined. Clinical analysis revealed a notable gender distribution (1:1.7, male to female) and an average age of 58.5 years. The majority of cases were asymptomatic. A cohort of 99 cases, comprising 4 malignant and 95 benign schwannomas, was meticulously examined. Clinical analysis revealed a notable gender distribution (1:1.7, male to female) and an average age of 58.5 years. The majority of cases were asymptomatic. Tumor sizes ranged from 0.5 to 30 cm, with distinct locations in the stomach for most benign cases and the abdomen/small intestine for malignancies. Initial misdiagnoses were frequent. Pathological evaluations revealed distinct features, including Antoni A and B patterns, spindle cells, and lymphatic sheath structures in benign schwannomas. Malignant cases exhibited atypical cells, ulcers, and invasive growth. Immunohistochemical markers, such as S100, SOX10, and vimentin, consistently demonstrated positivity by contributing to accurate diagnoses. Treatment outcomes indicated a poor prognosis in malignant cases, with overall survival ranging from 10 to 41 months. Conversely, benign cases displayed no recurrence or metastasis during follow‐up, despite atypical behaviors. Conclusion This study underscores the rarity of abdominal schwannomas and underscores the need for a comprehensive diagnostic morphology and immunohistochemistry. SOX10 emerges as a crucial and specific marker for accurate diagnosis. Further research is imperative to refine diagnostic protocols and enhance our understanding of the clinical behavior of abdominal schwannomas.

Keywords

• abdominal schwannoma
• gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor
• GNET
• S100
• SOX10