Volatile Organic Compounds as Early Detection Indicators of Wheat Infected by <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>

Abstract

The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), is a major pest that poses a considerable threat to grain safety storage. Early detection is of great significance in reducing grain losses. Studies have demonstrated that pest infestation causes alterations in grain volatiles, potentially indicating the presence of pests. In this study, we detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in non-infected and pest-infected wheat on the 3rd, 9th, 17th, 22nd, and 40th days, corresponding to the developmental stages of the rice weevil at the egg, young larval, old larval, pupal, and adult stages, respectively. A total of 126 VOCs were identified, including 96 hydrocarbons, 7 alcohols, 5 aldehydes, 9 ketones, 9 esters, and 18 other compounds, 62 of which are newly produced compared to non-infected wheat. Six characteristic volatiles, namely dodecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, 2, 6, 10-trimethylpentadecane, and squalene, may be related to the degradation of lipids and the expression of wheat stress tolerance and underwent significant changes as infestation progressed, according to the VIP value. This study assists in interpreting the effects of rice weevil infestation on wheat at the metabolic level and establishes a foundation for storage inspection based on VOC analysis.

Keywords

• stored pest
• rice weevil
• infested wheat
• volatiles
• early detection