The correlation between serum vitamin D status and the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers: a comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Abstract The association between vitamin D concentrations and the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remains a topic of ongoing debate. In order to provide a comprehensive and updated review, we conducted this meta‐analysis to further investigate the relationship between vitamin D concentrations and DFUs occurrence. The following databases, including Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG DATA and VIP Database, were systematically searched for studies published up to Dec. 20th, 2023. The combined estimation was calculated using both fixed-effects and random‐effects models. The overall effect size was reported as a weighted mean difference (WMD) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Data analysis was performed utilizing Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 14. The Protocol has been registered in PROSPERO CRD42024503468. This updated meta-analysis, incorporating thirty-six studies encompassing 11,298 individuals with or without DFUs, demonstrated a significant association between vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and an elevated risk of DFUs occurrence ( 50 years, P 10 years, P 9%, P < 0.00001).

Keywords

• Diabetic foot ulcers
• Diabetes
• Vitamin D
• Systematic review and meta-analysis