Vigilância pós-alta das infecções de sítio cirúrgico em crianças e adolescentes em um hospital universitário de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil Post-discharge surveillance of children and adolescents treated for surgical site infections at a university hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Abstract

As infecções hospitalares são as principais complicações na prática cirúrgica e, dentre estas, as infecções de sítio cirúrgico são as mais freqüentes. Apesar dessas infecções poderem se manifestar após a alta, no Brasil, a maioria dos serviços não faz vigilância pós-alta. Para avaliar a importância dessa vigilância e o perfil das infecções em crianças e adolescentes, acompanhou-se uma coorte de 730 pacientes cirúrgicos de um hospital universitário de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, de 1999 a 2001. Calculou-se a incidência acumulada, aplicou-se o teste t de Student na comparação de médias e o método de Kaplan-Meier na análise do tempo de ocorrência das infecções; considerou-se significativo o valor p Hospital infections are the main complications in surgical practice. Surgical site infections are the most frequent, and can manifest after hospital discharge. In Brazil, the majority of clinical services do not maintain infection surveillance after discharge. In order to evaluate the importance of such surveillance and the profile of these post-discharge infections, a cohort of 730 child and adolescent surgical patients was followed in a teaching hospital, from 1999 to 2001. The accumulated incidence was calculated. Student's t test was used to compare mean values and the Kaplan-Meier method to analyze the period until infection, using a p value of < 0.05. A total of 87 surgical site infections were diagnosed, 37% of which after discharge. The overall surgical infection rate was 11.9%; without outpatient follow-up, the rate would have been 7.5%. Post-charge infections were diagnosed after a mean of 11.3 ± 6.4 days, and in these patients the preoperative and postoperative hospital stays were significantly lower than in the group with in-hospital infections. The study indicates the importance of post-discharge surveillance in determining the real incidence of surgical site infections.

Keywords

• Infecção Hospitalar
• Cirurgia
• Pediatria
• Avaliação em Saúde
• Cross Infection
• Surgery
• Pediatrics
• Health Evaluation