N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY)—Major Metabolite of Nicotinamide: An Update on an Old Uremic Toxin
Aurélie Lenglet,
Sophie Liabeuf,
Sandra Bodeau,
Loïc Louvet,
Aurélien Mary,
Agnès Boullier,
Anne Sophie Lemaire-Hurtel,
Alexia Jonet,
Pascal Sonnet,
Said Kamel,
Ziad A. Massy
Affiliations
Aurélie Lenglet
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France
Sophie Liabeuf
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France
Sandra Bodeau
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France
Loïc Louvet
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France
Aurélien Mary
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France
Agnès Boullier
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France
Anne Sophie Lemaire-Hurtel
Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens 80000, France
Alexia Jonet
Laboratory of Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressouces, Unité Mixte de Recherche—Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique (UMR CNRS) 7378, UFR de Pharmacy, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France
Pascal Sonnet
Laboratory of Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressouces, Unité Mixte de Recherche—Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique (UMR CNRS) 7378, UFR de Pharmacy, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France
Said Kamel
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1088), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens 80000, France
Ziad A. Massy
Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Medical Center, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Boulogne, Billancourt, Paris 92100, France
N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY, a major metabolite of nicotinamide, NAM) was recently identified as a uremic toxin. Recent interventional trials using NAM to treat high levels of phosphorus in end-stage renal disease have highlighted new potential uremic toxicities of 2PY. In the context of uremia, the accumulation of 2PY could be harmful—perhaps by inhibiting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity. Here, we review recently published data on 2PY’s metabolism and toxicological profile.
