Wind and Solar Intermittency and the Associated Integration Challenges: A Comprehensive Review Including the Status in the Belgian Power System
Siavash Asiaban,
Nezmin Kayedpour,
Arash E. Samani,
Dimitar Bozalakov,
Jeroen D. M. De Kooning,
Guillaume Crevecoeur,
Lieven Vandevelde
Affiliations
Siavash Asiaban
Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Nezmin Kayedpour
Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Arash E. Samani
Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Dimitar Bozalakov
Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Jeroen D. M. De Kooning
Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Guillaume Crevecoeur
Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Lieven Vandevelde
Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have drawn significant attention in the past years to make the transition towards low carbon emissions. On the one hand, the intermittent nature of RES, resulting in variable power generation, hinders their high-level penetration in the power system. On the other hand, RES can aid not only to supply much more eco-friendly energy but also it allows the power system to enhance its stability by ancillary service provision. This article reviews the challenges related to the most intermittent RES utilised in Belgium, that is, wind energy and solar energy. Additionally, wind speed and solar irradiance variations, which are the cause of wind and solar intermittency, are studied. Then, recent techniques to forecast their changes, and approaches to accommodate or mitigate their impacts on the power system, are discussed. Finally, the latest statistics and future situation of RES in the Belgian power system are evaluated.
