Autistic traits predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Study in a clinical sample

Abstract

Introduction Co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) features is well stablished. Diagnosis of OCD increases the risk of a later diagnosis of ASD, and vice versa. Moreover, a recent combined genome-wide association study identified a shared polygenic risk between the two disorders. Our preliminary results also indicate that OCD patients have higher levels of autistic traits than individuals from the community. Objectives To determine which autistic dimensions (social skill, communication, attention switching, attention to detail imagination) are predictors of OC symptoms. Methods 39 OCD patients (52,5% female; 19 to 64 years old) answered the Portuguese versions of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient for Adults and Obsessive Compulsive Inventory – Revised (OCI-R). Spearman correlation and linear multiple regression tests were performed using SPSS. Results The OCI-R global score showed positive correlations with some AQ dimensions (attention switching, attention to detail and communication). The regression model showed that attention to detail (β = .43, p = .01) and attention switching (β = .33, p = .038) explained 36% of obsessive-compulsive symptoms variance. Conclusions Our results are in line with a dimensional perspective of psychopathological continua and indicate that the overlap between OCD and ASD occurs through shared neurocognitive processes. We suggest that, besides being a predisposing factor for social difficulties (e.g.: facial/emotion recognition) in ASD, attention to detail and deficits in attention switching may also lead to difficulties to dismiss repetitive thoughts or extinguish behaviours in OCD. Future studies should investigate the distinctive features and underlying processes between OCD/ASD.

Keywords

• neurocognitive processes
• Obsessive-Compulsive disorder
• autism spectrum disorder