Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to nivolumab/ipilimumab in a renal cell cancer patient—A case report

Abstract

Abstract Secondary immune‐related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare but life‐threatening complication of immune checkpoint inhibitors. HLH‐2004 and HLH‐1994 guidelines originally developed for primary HLH are the only available guidelines. It has proven to have a good prognosis if diagnosed promptly with discontinuation of immunotherapy and treated with corticosteroid monotherapy.

Keywords

• hematology/oncology
• HLH
• immune checkpoint inhibitors
• ipilimumab
• nivolumab
• pembrolizumab