‘Some believe the men become ghosts, haunting the facades they helped building’: Subaltern Figures and Spectral Metaphors in Sunjeev Sahota, The Year of the Runaways (2015), and Deepak Unnikrishnan’s Temporary People (2017)

Abstract

Some works in the British sphere have recently focused on refugees in the UK (Sahota, The Year of the Runaways, 2015) or Indian migrant workers in the UAE (Unnikrishnan, Temporary People, 2017). The former sheds light upon characters which have not often been staged in British literature, such as an “untouchable” who was forced out of the country or a man who was drawn to sell a kidney to pay for student visa. The latter, a collection of short stories, revives the ghost trope, suggesting that the often undocumented workers have spectral lives. I wish to reflect upon the representation of subaltern figures in literature and more particularly on the spectral metaphor. According to Maria del Pilar Blanco and Esther Peeren, the concept of “ghost” may refer to social outcasts, “impotent and ineffectual victims rather than powerful aggressors” (2010, x). Is the figure of the ghost in literature still empowering? Drawing on Sara Ahmed’s discussion on “marked” bodies (Strange Encounters, 46) and other theoretical works, this article discusses what literature performs on the lives, voices and bodies of marginalised figures and ponders over the ethics of writing and reading works focusing on such themes.

Keywords

• refugees
• postcolonial literature
• social invisibility
• hospitality
• ethics
• representation