The methyltransferase METTL3-mediated fatty acid metabolism revealed the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on alleviating steatosis

Abstract

Background: As a primarily N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase, methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) plays a crucial role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, its regulatory mechanism in steatosis remains unknown. Methods: Alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells were induced by free fatty acids (FFA). Triglycerides, lipid droplet assay, and Oil Red O staining were performed to evaluate steatosis. The expression of METTL3 and cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily f polypeptide 40 (CYP4F40) was measured using Western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, almandine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were assayed after cinnamaldehyde treatment. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed to determine how METTL3 and cinnamaldehyde regulate steatosis. Results: METTL3 protein level was reduced in FFA-induced steatosis in AML12 cells, and METTL3 knockdown aggravated the steatosis. Cinnamaldehyde alleviated steatosis by increasing METTL3 expression. A combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis revealed that METTL3 knockdown reduced CYP4F40 expression and reduced the level of capric acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid. Cinnamaldehyde promoted CYP4F40 expression by increasing METTL3 and increased the levels of capric acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid. Finally, the beneficial effects of cinnamaldehyde on steatosis were reversed after METTL3 knockdown. Conclusions: METTL3 knockdown aggravated steatosis in AML12 cells through CYP4F40-mediated fatty acid metabolism, and cinnamaldehyde alleviated steatosis via the METTL3-CYP4F40 pathway.

Keywords

• METTL3
• Fatty acids metabolism
• Cinnamaldehyde
• Steatosis