PRODUCTION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF TOMATO HYBRIDS

Abstract

The assortment of vegetable plants contributes to an increase in the variety and production of domestic vegetable products, in particular tomatoes. In the article, based on the research results, it is considered and proved that the hybrid significantly affects the formation of tomato productivity and can minimize the negative impact of environmental factors. Experimental studies were carried out in 2013–2017. at the experimental field of the Uman National University of Horticulture. Investigated hybrids of Ukrainian. Comparison of the number of generative organs in plants showed that during the growing season a greater number of flowers and fruits on the brush was formed on the plants of hybrids 31-13 and 31-12 F1 – 9.3 pcs/brush and fruits – 5.9 pcs/brush. The fruits of the hybrid 31-13 F1 – 160 g had a high weight. The hybrids of Nezabudka F1, 32-13 F1 and 20-12 F1 were noted with a slightly lower weight of fruits, the weight of which was in the range of 129-139 g and significantly exceeded to the control. The indicator is slightly lower in the 31-12 F1 hybrid – 119 g. Fruiting began from mid-July to the end of September, it was uniform and did not depend on the hybrid, but on weather conditions. Hybrids 31-12 F1, 31-13 F1 and 20-12 F1 distinguished themselves by high yield – 39.1–48.8 t/ha, with the lowest value in the Knyazhich F1 hybrid. The yield of hybrids Nezabudka F1, 31-12 F1 and 31-13 F1 was the largest and exceeded the control by 9.1–9.7 t/ha. The yield of the 31-12 F1 hybrid was high – 48.8 t/ha and exceeded to the control by 9.7 t/ha. The output of standard products in terms of the total number of crops is quite high, and for the Knyazhich F1 and Nezabudka F1 hybrids it was at the level of 95.5 %, 32-13 F1 and 20-12 F1 – 95.8–94.9 %. Fruits of hybrids 31-12 F1 and 31-13 F1 had a high indicator – 97.7 and 98.9%, which significantly prevailed over to the control. The conducted studies on the chemical composition of the fruits showed that tomato hybrids and the weather conditions of their cultivation significantly influenced the quality of the products obtained and, according to the data obtained, the content of dry soluble matter in the fruits of the studied tomato hybrids was at the level of 5.5–5.9%. Fruits of hybrids 32-13 F1 and 20-12 F1 had a high content of the indicator – 5.8-5.9%. Tomato hybrids 32-13 F1 and 20-12 F1 differed in the content of sugars in fruits – 3.22 and 2.91%. The content of ascorbic acid was high in hybrids 32-13 F1 and 20-12 F1 – 27.9 mg/100 g. An important indicator of the taste of tomatoes is the content of titratable acids in terms of malic acid. The fruits of the Knyazhich F1 hybrid had a low acidity – 0.52 %. Other varieties exceeded the control by 0.03–0.08 % in acidity. The fruits of the Nezabudka F1 hybrid had a high acidity – 0.63 %.