Physical Validation of a Residual Impedance Rejection Method during Ultra-Low Frequency Bio-Impedance Spectral Measurements
Zoltan Vizvari,
Nina Gyorfi,
Akos Odry,
Zoltan Sari,
Mihaly Klincsik,
Marin Gergics,
Levente Kovacs,
Anita Kovacs,
Jozsef Pal,
Zoltan Karadi,
Peter Odry,
Attila Toth
Affiliations
Zoltan Vizvari
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany str. 2, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
Nina Gyorfi
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany str. 2, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
Akos Odry
Institute of Information Technology, University of Dunaujvaros, Tancsics M. str. 1/A, H-2401 Dunaujvaros, Hungary
Zoltan Sari
Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany str. 2, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
Mihaly Klincsik
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany str. 2, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
Marin Gergics
1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag str. 13, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
Levente Kovacs
Physiological Controls Research Center, University Research and Innovation Cetner, Obuda University, Becsi str. 96/b, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary
Anita Kovacs
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany str. 2, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
Jozsef Pal
Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
Zoltan Karadi
Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
Peter Odry
Institute of Information Technology, University of Dunaujvaros, Tancsics M. str. 1/A, H-2401 Dunaujvaros, Hungary
Attila Toth
Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
Accurate and reliable measurement of the electrical impedance spectrum is an essential requirement in order to draw relevant conclusions in many fields and a variety of applications; in particular, for biological processes. Even in the state-of-the-art methods developed for this purpose, the accuracy and efficacy of impedance measurements are reduced in biological systems, due to the regular occurrence of parameters causing measurement errors such as residual impedance, parasitic capacitance, generator anomalies, and so on. Recent observations have reported the necessity of decreasing such inaccuracies whenever measurements are performed in the ultra-low frequency range, as the above-mentioned errors are almost entirely absent in such cases. The current research work proposes a method which can reject the anomalies listed above when measuring in the ultra-low frequency range, facilitating data collection at the same time. To demonstrate our hypothesis, originating from the consideration of the determinant role of the measuring frequency, a physical model is proposed to examine the effectiveness of our method by measuring across the commonly used vs. ultra-low frequency ranges. Validation measurements reflect that the range of frequencies and the accuracy is much greater than in state-of-the-art methods. Using the proposed new impedance examination technique, biological system characterization can be carried out more accurately.
