HISTORICAL CONDITIONS FOR BASHKIR COSTUME COMPLEXES TRADITIONS

Abstract

Traditional Bashkir costume has so far been researched by representatives of various fields of science: history, philosophy, art history, technology. Meanwhile, scientific achievements in this sphere require comprehensive interpretation and elaboration of the unified picture of the Bashkir folk costume formation, taking into account the newly discovered and well-known facts. The uniqueness of the Bashkir costume lies in its diversity; thus, in the middle of 20th century ethnographers distinguished seven costume complexes, varying in their structure, appearance, silhouette and decorative components, two of the complexes being characterized by major differences – South-Eastern and North-Western ones. Such great differences are based on historical processes which took place in the territory of the Southern Urals in ancient time and the Middle Ages – the time when the Bashkir ethnos originated. Both complexes developed in different ethnic, economic, natural and climatic environment. Thus, Bashkir material culture formed costumes having certain elements close to culture of sedentary or nomadic tribes, costumes, demonstrating elements akin to cultures of FinnoUgric peoples or peoples of Siberian taiga. The paper represents a brief review of the main stages of land settlement in the Southern Urals, which determined the ethnic and cultural image of Bashkir material culture.

Keywords

• the bashkirs
• folk costume
• traditional costume
• folk art
• southern urals
• bashkortostan