An Improved Seeker Optimization Algorithm for Phase Sensitivity Enhancement of a Franckeite- and WS₂-Based SPR Biosensor for Waterborne Bacteria Detection

Abstract

For the purpose of detecting waterborne bacteria, a high-phase-sensitivity SPR sensor with an Ag–TiO2–Franckeite–WS2 hybrid structure is designed using an improved seeker optimization algorithm (ISOA). By optimizing each layer of sensor construction simultaneously, the ISOA guarantees a minimum reflectance of less than 0.01 by Ag (20.36 nm)–TiO2 (6.08 nm)–Franckeite (monolayer)–WS2 (bilayer) after 30 iterations for E. coli. And the optimal phase sensitivity is 2.378 × 106 deg/RIU. Sensor performance and computing efficiency have been greatly enhanced using the ISOA in comparison to the traditional layer-by-layer technique and the SOA method. This will enable sensors to detect a wider range of bacteria with more efficacy. As a result, the ISOA-based design idea could provide SPR biosensors with new applications in environmental monitoring.

Keywords

• SPR
• waterborne bacteria
• phase sensitivity
• improved seeker optimization algorithm
• Franckeite
• WS₂