Autophagy is a complex cellular degradation pathway, which plays important roles in the regulation of several developmental processes, cellular stress responses, and immune responses induced by pathogens. A number of studies have previously demonstrated that HIV-1 was capable of altering the regulation of autophagy and that this biological process could be induced in uninfected and infected cells. Furthermore, previous reports have indicated that the involvement of HIV-1 in autophagy regulation is a complex phenomenon and that different viral proteins are contributing in its modulation upon viral infection. Herein, we review the recent literature over the complex crosstalk of the autophagy pathway and HIV-1, with a particular focus on HIV-1 viral proteins, which have been shown to modulate autophagy.
