Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Improving the Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles of Mexican Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19
Diana Rodríguez-Vera,
Juan Rodrigo Salazar,
Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa,
Jessica Guzmán-Pérez,
Arely Vergara-Castañeda,
Horacio Muñoz-Durán,
Gabriela L. Ramírez-Velez,
Alonso Vivar-Sierra,
Carlos Rogelio Naranjo-Navarro,
Patricia A. Meza-Meneses,
Marco A. Loza-Mejía,
Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
Affiliations
Diana Rodríguez-Vera
Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Juan Rodrigo Salazar
Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico
Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Jessica Guzmán-Pérez
Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Arely Vergara-Castañeda
Promotion and Education for Health and Food Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico
Horacio Muñoz-Durán
Environmental Technology Division and Section of Postgraduate Studies, Universidad Tecnológica de Nezahualcóyotl. Cto. Rey Nezahualcóyotl Manzana 10, Benito Juárez, Nezahualcoyotl 57000, Mexico
Gabriela L. Ramírez-Velez
Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico
Alonso Vivar-Sierra
Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico
Carlos Rogelio Naranjo-Navarro
Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico
Patricia A. Meza-Meneses
Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
Marco A. Loza-Mejía
Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico
Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Background and Objectives: The development of severe COVID-19 is related to the preexistence of comorbidities and an inadequate nutritional status. The latter is a critical factor for the development of infection and the progression of the disease. Notably, optimal nutrition impacts immune system function, as malnutrition is related to high cytokine levels in the late phase of the disease, correlating with a poor prognosis. In this sense, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. O3FAs are linked to a better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we evaluate the administration of O3FAs to unvaccinated Mexican patients for two weeks starting after the first two hours of hospitalization. Results: The findings support the notion that O3FAs (in a dose high enough to satisfy human physiological requirements in a short time, one capsule of 1.4 g O3FAs daily) exert a comprehensive multi-systemic modulatory influence, affecting inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Significant perturbations in biomarkers, including absolute neutrophil count, hematocrit, and platelet indices, underscore the compound’s anti-inflammatory effect. Concurrently, the intervention modulates pivotal metabolic and hepatic parameters, attenuating cardiovascular risk profiles and expediting patient convalescence. These multifarious effects are likely orchestrated through intricate biochemical mechanisms and are subject to individual variations predicated on metabolic factors. Conclusions: The results of this trial support the notion that O3FA supplementation has beneficial effects on COVID-19 patients with moderate presentation by regulating metabolism and limiting inflammation.
