Madura foot and a continued diagnostic enigma: Dot-in-circle sign on magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound

Abstract

Madura foot is a chronic granulomatous disease of the skin and underlying tissues caused by fungi or bacteria. Early diagnosis is important to avoid disfiguring limb deformities. Low clinical suspicion, limited availability of diagnostic tools, and infection with fastidious organisms may lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Imaging tests can help to make a timely diagnosis in a non-invasive manner. Here we report two patients with a non-classical clinical presentation and a more favorable differential diagnoses who were correctly diagnosed as cases of Madura foot based on the ‘‘dot-in-circle sign’’, a specific finding on magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound.

Keywords

• Madura foot
• Actinomycetoma
• Dot-in-circle sign
• Eumycetoma
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Ultrasound