Frontiers in Psychiatry (Apr 2022)

Effects of Social Participation and Its Diversity, Frequency, and Type on Depression in Middle-Aged and Older Persons: Evidence From China

  • Jiahui Wang,
  • Jiahui Wang,
  • Jiao Xu,
  • Jiao Xu,
  • Yizhen Nie,
  • Yizhen Nie,
  • Yizhen Nie,
  • Pochuan Pan,
  • Xin Zhang,
  • Xin Zhang,
  • Ye Li,
  • Ye Li,
  • Huan Liu,
  • Huan Liu,
  • Libo Liang,
  • Libo Liang,
  • Lijun Gao,
  • Lijun Gao,
  • Qunhong Wu,
  • Qunhong Wu,
  • Yanhua Hao,
  • Yanhua Hao,
  • Saleh Shah,
  • Saleh Shah

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.825460
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13

Abstract

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BackgroundDepression is one of the greatest public health problems worldwide. The potential benefit of social participation (SP) on mental health has been widely acknowledged. Nevertheless, a few studies have used propensity score matching (PSM) to reduce the influence of data bias and confounding variables. This study explored the effect of social participation on depression among middle-aged and older Chinese persons through a PSM method, considering the frequency, type, and quantity of SP. Effects were compared among different age groups, genders, and places of residence.MethodsThe datasets were obtained from the 2018 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A total of 9,404 respondents aged 45 and above were included in the study. PSM and ordinary least squares methods were used to estimate the effect of social participation on depression.ResultsPSM estimation results showed that SP had a significantly positive effect on decreasing depression scores (p < 0.001) by 0.875–0.898 compared with persons without SP. All types of SP had a significantly positive effect (p < 0.001), and participating in community activities had the largest effect (β = −1.549 to −1.788, p < 0.001). Higher frequency of participation and more types of SP promoted lower depression scores; subgroup analyses revealed that the promotion effect was significantly greater among women, those aged ≥75 years, and those living in urban areas.ConclusionPSM indicated that SP could alleviate the depression of middle-aged and older Chinese persons. Targeted measures should be adopted to promote SP and thereby improve mental health and promote healthy and active aging.

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