Viruses (Oct 2022)

The Performances of Three Commercially Available Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies at Different Time Points Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

  • Heidi Syre,
  • Marius Eduardo Brå Obreque,
  • Ingvild Dalen,
  • Åse Garløv Riis,
  • Åse Berg,
  • Iren Høyland Löhr,
  • Jon Sundal,
  • Lars Kåre Kleppe,
  • May Sissel Vadla,
  • Ole Bernt Lenning,
  • Jan Stefan Olofsson,
  • Kristin Greve-Isdahl Mohn,
  • Camilla Tøndel,
  • Bjørn Blomberg,
  • Mai Chi Trieu,
  • Nina Langeland,
  • Rebecca Jane Cox

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102196
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14, no. 10
p. 2196

Abstract

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of three commercially available antibody assays for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies at different time points following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sera from 536 cases, including 207 SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive, were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with the Wantai receptor binding domain (RBD) total antibody assay, Liaison S1/S2 IgG assay and Alinity i nucleocapsid IgG assay and compared to a two-step reference ELISA (SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG and SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and Cohen’s kappa were calculated for the commercial assays. The assay’s sensitivities varied greatly, from 68.7% to 95.3%, but the specificities remained high (96.9–99.1%). The three tests showed good performances in sera sampled 31 to 60 days after PCR positivity compared to the reference ELISA. The total antibody test performed better than the IgG tests the first 30 days and the nucleocapsid IgG test showed reduced sensitivity two months or more after PCR positivity. Hence, the test performances at different time points should be taken into consideration in clinical practice and epidemiological studies. Spike or RBD IgG tests are preferable in sera sampled more than two months following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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