BMC Medicine (Mar 2022)
Risk factors associated with short-term adverse events after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
- Luuk Wieske,
- Laura Y. L. Kummer,
- Koos P. J. van Dam,
- Eileen W. Stalman,
- Anneke J. van der Kooi,
- Joost Raaphorst,
- Mark Löwenberg,
- R. Bart Takkenberg,
- Adriaan G. Volkers,
- Geert R. A. M. D’Haens,
- Sander W. Tas,
- Phyllis I. Spuls,
- Marcel W. Bekkenk,
- Annelie H. Musters,
- Nicoline F. Post,
- Angela L. Bosma,
- Marc L. Hilhorst,
- Yosta Vegting,
- Frederike J. Bemelman,
- Joep Killestein,
- Zoé L. E. van Kempen,
- Alexandre E. Voskuyl,
- Bo Broens,
- Agner Parra Sanchez,
- Gertjan Wolbink,
- Laura Boekel,
- Abraham Rutgers,
- Karina de Leeuw,
- Barbara Horváth,
- Jan J. G. M. Verschuuren,
- Annabel M. Ruiter,
- Lotte van Ouwerkerk,
- Diane van der Woude,
- Cornelia F. Allaart,
- Y. K. Onno Teng,
- Pieter van Paassen,
- Matthias H. Busch,
- B. Papay Jallah,
- Esther Brusse,
- Pieter A. van Doorn,
- Adája E. Baars,
- Dirkjan Hijnen,
- Corine R. G. Schreurs,
- W. Ludo van der Pol,
- H. Stephan Goedee,
- Maurice Steenhuis,
- Theo Rispens,
- Anja ten Brinke,
- Niels J. M. Verstegen,
- Koos A. H. Zwinderman,
- S. Marieke van Ham,
- Taco W. Kuijpers,
- Filip Eftimov,
- on behalf of the T2B! immunity against SARS-CoV-2 study group
Affiliations
- Luuk Wieske
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
- Laura Y. L. Kummer
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
- Koos P. J. van Dam
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
- Eileen W. Stalman
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
- Anneke J. van der Kooi
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
- Joost Raaphorst
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
- Mark Löwenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- R. Bart Takkenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Adriaan G. Volkers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Geert R. A. M. D’Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Sander W. Tas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
- Phyllis I. Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Marcel W. Bekkenk
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Annelie H. Musters
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Nicoline F. Post
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Angela L. Bosma
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Marc L. Hilhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Yosta Vegting
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Frederike J. Bemelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center
- Zoé L. E. van Kempen
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center
- Alexandre E. Voskuyl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center
- Bo Broens
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center
- Agner Parra Sanchez
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
- Gertjan Wolbink
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Location Reade
- Laura Boekel
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Location Reade
- Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen
- Karina de Leeuw
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen
- Barbara Horváth
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Blistering Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen
- Jan J. G. M. Verschuuren
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center
- Annabel M. Ruiter
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center
- Lotte van Ouwerkerk
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center
- Diane van der Woude
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center
- Cornelia F. Allaart
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center
- Y. K. Onno Teng
- Centre of Expertise for Lupus-, Vasculitis- and Complement-Mediated Systemic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology Section, Leiden University Medical Centre
- Pieter van Paassen
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center
- Matthias H. Busch
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center
- B. Papay Jallah
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center
- Esther Brusse
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center
- Pieter A. van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center
- Adája E. Baars
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center
- Dirkjan Hijnen
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center
- Corine R. G. Schreurs
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center
- W. Ludo van der Pol
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center UMC Utrecht
- H. Stephan Goedee
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center UMC Utrecht
- Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC
- Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC
- Anja ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC
- Niels J. M. Verstegen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC
- Koos A. H. Zwinderman
- Clinical Research Unit, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
- S. Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC
- Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
- Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam
- on behalf of the T2B! immunity against SARS-CoV-2 study group
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02310-7
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 20,
no. 1
pp. 1 – 6
Abstract
Abstract Background Studies have suggested incremental short-term adverse events (AE) after repeated vaccination. In this report, we assessed occurrence and risk factors for short-term AEs following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). Methods Self-reported daily questionnaires on AEs during the first 7 days after vaccination were obtained of 2259 individuals (2081 patients and 178 controls) participating in an ongoing prospective multicenter cohort study on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with various IMIDs in the Netherlands (T2B-COVID). Relative risks were calculated for potential risk factors associated with clinically relevant AE (rAE), defined as AE lasting longer than 2 days or impacting daily life. Results In total, 5454 vaccinations were recorded (1737 first, 1992 second and 1478 third vaccinations). Multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis were the largest disease groups. rAEs were reported by 57.3% (95% CI 54.8–59.8) of patients after the first vaccination, 61.5% (95% CI 59.2–63.7) after the second vaccination and 58% (95% CI 55.3–60.6) after the third vaccination. At day 7 after the first, second and third vaccination, respectively, 7.6% (95% CI 6.3–9.1), 7.4% (95% CI 6.2–8.7) and 6.8% (95% CI 5.4–8.3) of patients still reported AEs impacting daily life. Hospital admissions and allergic reactions were uncommon (<0.7%). Female sex (aRR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32–1.56), age below 50 (aRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23), a preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection (aRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.29) and having an IMID (aRR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.34) were associated with increased risk of rAEs following a vaccination. Compared to the second vaccination, the first vaccination was associated with a lower risk of rAEs (aRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84–0.99) while a third vaccination was not associated with increased risk on rAEs (aRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.84–1.02). BNT162b2 vaccines were associated with lower risk on rAEs compared to CX-024414 (aRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80–0.93). Conclusions A third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was not associated with increased risk of rAEs in IMID patients compared to the second vaccination. Patients with an IMID have a modestly increased risk of rAEs after vaccination when compared to controls. Most AEs are resolved within 7 days; hospital admissions and allergic reactions were uncommon. Trial registration NL74974.018.20 , Trial ID: NL8900. Registered on 9 September 2020.
