Mathematical physics of dilute Bose gases

Abstract

We discuss recent progress in the mathematical analysis of dilute Bose gases. We review results in one to three dimensions, but the focus will be on three dimensions. In all dimensions we have a two term asymptotic expansion of the ground state energy density by an expression that depends only on the scattering length of the potential. In dimension three this is the celebrated Lee–Huang–Yang formula. In dimensions two and three the dilute limit is a weakly interacting regime whereas in dimension one it is rather strongly interacting. We sketch briefly the mathematical difficulties and review some remaining open problems in the field.

Keywords

• Ground states of Bose gases
• Cold atomic gases
• Bose–Einstein condensation
• Bogolyubov approximation
• Lee–Huang–Yang formula