Acta Médica Costarricense (Mar 2013)
El síndrome coronario agudo y otros diagnósticos provocan subregistro del infarto agudo del miocardio en el Hospital México, Costa Rica Coronary syndrome and other diagnosis result in under reporting of acute myocardial infarction in the Mexico Hospital, Costa Rica
Abstract
Justificación: el infarto agudo del miocardio es un problema mayor de salud pública. Es necesario verificar su adecuado registro en Costa Rica para atender eficientemente su problemática. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y observacional. Se recopilaron los pacientes egresados del Hospital México con diagnósticos de síndrome coronario agudo, infarto agudo del miocardio, angina inestable y cardiopatía isquémica, de agosto 2005 a julio 2006, analizándose los registros de la oficina de Bioestadística y Unidades (Coronaria, Terapia Intensiva, Hemodinamia y Ecocardiogramas). Resultados: el Hospital México reportó 110 pacientes con el diagnóstico de infarto agudo del miocardio. Al incluir egresados con diagnósticos de síndrome coronario agudo, angor inestable o cardiopatía isquémica y que eran infartos agudos del miocardio, el número aumentó a 172. La muestra analizada finalmente fue de 138 pacientes al eliminar el restante por datos incompletos, significando un subregistro de al menos 36%. El 78.1% fueron hombres y la edad promedio para ambos sexos fue 65.2 años. No se le midió la troponina al 49,3% de la muestra y la cuarta parte no fueron valorados por cardiólogos. El 20.3% de los pacientes que fueron egresados con otros diagnósticos eran portadores también de infarto agudo del miocardio. Conclusiones: existe subregistro de infarto agudo del miocardio en el Hospital México y en oficinas centrales del Ministerio de Salud y la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. Este hallazgo también es probable que se presente en otros hospitales costarricenses.Justification: Acute myocardial infarction is a major public health problem. In Costa Rica, it is necessary to record it accurately in order to handle this problem efficiently. Materials and methods: Descriptive and observational study. Data from patients which were discharged from the Mexico Hospital and diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina and ischemic heart disease from August 2005 to July 2006 was compiled. The records of the MH- Biostatistics office, as well as those from a series of Units (Coronary, Intensive Care, Hemodynamics and Echocardiograms)- were analyzed. Results: The Mexico Hospital reports 110 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. This number increased to 172 when patients discharged as cases of ACS, unstable angina or ischemic heart disease were reported also as cases of acute myocardial infarction. The final sample analyzed was 138 patients when some patients were excluded due to incomplete data. This meant that underreporting was at least 36 %. Men represented 78.1 % of the sample; the average age for both sexes was 65.2 years. Troponin was not measured in 49.3% of the patients and a quarter of them were not assessed by a cardiologist. Out of the total of patients discharged with other diagnoses, 20.3% also had AMI. Conclusions: Acute myocardial infarction is under reported in the Mexico Hospital, and in the central offices of the Ministry of Health and of the Costa Rican Social Security System. Findings could be similar in other Costa Rican hospitals.
