Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture (Jun 2024)
ATHEROSCLEROTIC CHANGES OF BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERIES IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS ACCORDING TO SONOGRAPHY
Abstract
Background. One of the most frequent causes of death is considered to be stroke on the back of atherosclerosis of the extracranial carotid arteries. Detection of atherosclerosis at an early stage facilitates timely prevention and reduces the risk of developing of an acute cardiovascular event in the future. Purpose. To evaluate the clinical significance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of atherosclerotic changes in the brachiocephalic arteries in people of different age groups. Materials and methods. Echography of brachiocephalic arteries was performed among 155 people aged 45 to 89 years, who were randomized into 3 age groups. The middle–aged group included 56 people; the elderly group – 54 people; the senile group - 45 people. The processing of the results of the study was carried out in the programs Statistica 10 (StatSoft, USA). Results. According to the data of sonography, atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 62.5% of the middle–aged group, 83.3% of the elderly group and 88.9% of senile age. Heterogeneous hypoechoic and calcified plaques are found only among people who are over 60 years old. Moderate stenosis was observed at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery in all age groups. Pronounced stenosis and critical vascular stenosis in the proximal part of the internal carotid artery are observed in senile age. The index of the maximum systolic velocity among people with atherosclerosis decreases with age. With increasing age, the level of vascular resistance increases. Conclusion. Considering significant changes in the indicators of atherosclerotic manifestations already in middle age, in order to reduce the increase in population mortality from cardiovascular diseases, the healthcare system should introduce early ultrasound screening of brachiocephalic arteries for patients from 18 years of age.
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