Nine alkyl organophosphate triesters newly identified in house dust

Abstract

Owing to increasing concerns about the toxicity of alkyl organophosphate triesters (OPTEs), it is necessary to comprehensively profile alkyl OPTEs in the environment. In this study, we conducted a nontarget analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry to newly identify alkyl OPTEs in house dust samples collected in North China. Data-independent acquisition mode directed by the characteristic phosphate fragment was used. Nine alkyl OPTEs were newly identified, namely tridecyl phosphate (TDeP), dioctyl tetradecyl phosphate, tridodecyl phosphate (TDoP), dioctyl butoxyethoxyethyl phosphate (DOBEEP), dioctyl (oxo)butoxypropyl phosphate (DOOBPP), dioctyl hydroxyethoxyethoxyethyl phosphate (DOHEEEP), didodecyl hydroxyethoxyethyl phosphate (DDoHEEP), tetradecyl dodecyl hydroxyethoxyethyl phosphate (TDoHEEP), and bis(2-butoxyethyl) hydroxyethyl phosphate (BBOEHEP). BBOEHEP was fully identified by comparison to an authentic standard, and the others were tentative structures (level 3). Eight of them (not DOHEEEP) exhibited detection frequencies between 89% and 100% in the 45 samples, and (semi-)quantitation revealed that their median concentrations and ranges were: TDoP (35.1 ng/g, 8.21–111 ng/g), DOBEEP (29.3 ng/g, 2.56–5191 ng/g), DOOBPP (13.6 ng/g, 1.38–2128 ng/g), BBOEHEP (5.79 ng/g, not detected (ND)–861 ng/g), TDeP (4.10 ng/g, 1.34–39.2 ng/g), DDoHEEP (3.26 ng/g, ND–41.5 ng/g), TDoHEEP (2.09 ng/g, ND–29.5 ng/g), and DOTP (0.93 ng/g, ND–169 ng/g). Moreover, TDeP, TDoP, DOBEEP, DOOBPP, and BBOEHEP were found in SRM2585 (standard house dust). These data revealed the widespread occurrence of alkyl OPTEs with high concentrations in the indoor environment.

Keywords

• Flame retardant
• Identification
• Characteristic fragment
• Data-independent acquisition
• Occurrence