Brainwaves in the Cloud: Cognitive Workload Monitoring Using Deep Gated Neural Network and Industrial Internet of Things

Abstract

Monitoring and classifying cognitive workload in real time is vital for optimizing human–machine interactions and enhancing performance while ensuring safety, particularly in industrial scenarios. Considering this significance, the authors aim to formulate a cognitive workload monitoring system (CWMS) by leveraging the deep gated neural network (DGNN), a hybrid model integrating bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks. In our experimental setup, each of the four virtual users is equipped with a Raspberry Pi Zero W module to ensure efficient data transmission, thereby enhancing the reliability and efficacy of the monitoring process. This seamless monitoring framework utilizes the constrained application protocol (CoAP) and the Things Board platform to evaluate cognitive workload in real time. The most popular EEG benchmark dataset, the STEW is utilized for workload classification in this study. We employ the short-time Fourier transformation (STFT) to extract frequency bands corresponding to users in both high and low cognitive workload modes. The proposed DGNN models achieve a perfect accuracy of 99.45%, outperforming every previous state-of-the-art model. We meticulously monitored critical parameters, including latency, classification processing time, and cognitive workload levels. This research demonstrates the importance of continuous monitoring for increasing productivity and safety in industries by introducing a novel method of real-time cognitive workload monitoring. The implementation codes for each experiment are documented and made available for reproducibility.

Keywords

• human–machine interface
• mental workload
• cognitive workload monitoring system
• deep gated neural network
• electroencephalogram
• brain–computer interface applications