Characteristics and standards of severe sagittal imbalance in adult patients with spinal deformities: a retrospective analysis

Abstract

Abstract Objective To analyze the characteristics of “severe” dynamic sagittal imbalance (DSI) in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) and establish criteria for them. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 102 patients with ASD presenting four cardinal signs of lumbar degenerative kyphosis. All patients underwent deformity corrective surgery and were divided into three groups according to the diagnostic criteria based on the Oswestry disability index and dynamic features (△Timewalk: time until C7 sagittal vertical axis [C7SVA] reaches ≥ 20 cm after the start of walking) of sagittal imbalance. The paravertebral back muscles were analyzed and compared using T2-weighted axial imaging. We performed a statistically time-dependent spinopelvic sagittal parameter analysis of full standing lateral lumbar radiographs. Lumbar flexibility was analyzed using dynamic lateral lumbar radiography. Results The patients were classified into the mild (△Timewalk ≥ 180 s, 35 patients), moderate (180 s > △Timewalk ≥ 30 s, 38 patients), and severe (△Timewalk 20 cm within 30 s of walking or standing, a rigid lumbar curve 75.3°. Level of evidence 3.

Keywords

• Adult spinal deformity
• Degenerative flat back
• Dynamic sagittal imbalance
• Diagnostic criteria
• Severity