Hypoxia Induces Alterations in the Circadian Rhythm in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Manuel Castillejos-López,
Yair Romero,
Angelica Varela-Ordoñez,
Edgar Flores-Soto,
Bianca S. Romero-Martinez,
Rafael Velázquez-Cruz,
Joel Armando Vázquez-Pérez,
Víctor Ruiz,
Juan C. Gomez-Verjan,
Nadia A. Rivero-Segura,
Ángel Camarena,
Ana Karen Torres-Soria,
Georgina Gonzalez-Avila,
Bettina Sommer,
Héctor Solís-Chagoyán,
Ruth Jaimez,
Luz María Torres-Espíndola,
Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
Affiliations
Manuel Castillejos-López
Departamento de Epidemiología e Infectología Hospitalaria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Yair Romero
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Angelica Varela-Ordoñez
Red MEDICI, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico
Edgar Flores-Soto
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Bianca S. Romero-Martinez
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
Joel Armando Vázquez-Pérez
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Enfermedades Emergentes y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enferdades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Víctor Ruiz
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Juan C. Gomez-Verjan
Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Mexico City 10200, Mexico
Nadia A. Rivero-Segura
Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Mexico City 10200, Mexico
Ángel Camarena
Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Ana Karen Torres-Soria
Red MEDICI, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico
Georgina Gonzalez-Avila
Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Bettina Sommer
Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
Laboratorio de Neurobiología Cognitiva, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
Ruth Jaimez
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Luz María Torres-Espíndola
Laboratorio de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City 04530, Mexico
Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
The function of the circadian cycle is to determine the natural 24 h biological rhythm, which includes physiological, metabolic, and hormonal changes that occur daily in the body. This cycle is controlled by an internal biological clock that is present in the body’s tissues and helps regulate various processes such as sleeping, eating, and others. Interestingly, animal models have provided enough evidence to assume that the alteration in the circadian system leads to the appearance of numerous diseases. Alterations in breathing patterns in lung diseases can modify oxygenation and the circadian cycles; however, the response mechanisms to hypoxia and their relationship with the clock genes are not fully understood. Hypoxia is a condition in which the lack of adequate oxygenation promotes adaptation mechanisms and is related to several genes that regulate the circadian cycles, the latter because hypoxia alters the production of melatonin and brain physiology. Additionally, the lack of oxygen alters the expression of clock genes, leading to an alteration in the regularity and precision of the circadian cycle. In this sense, hypoxia is a hallmark of a wide variety of lung diseases. In the present work, we intended to review the functional repercussions of hypoxia in the presence of asthma, chronic obstructive sleep apnea, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, obstructive sleep apnea, influenza, and COVID-19 and its repercussions on the circadian cycles.