Synthesis, characterization and anti-fouling properties of poly[vinylidene fluoride]-incorporated SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2 nanoparticle-LiCl pore former ultrafiltration membranes

Abstract

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was modified with SiO2 (P–Si), TiO2 (P–Ti), and ZrO2 (P–Zr) nanoparticles, alongside LiCl. The modification aimed to enhance hydrophilicity, influence membrane porosity, and improve anti-fouling properties. Increased hydrophilicity was confirmed with reduction of contact angle from 89.8° to 64° for P–Zr membrane. Highest porosity of 81.986, highest water permeability (112.64 L/m2.h) and FRR of 96.9% were achieved for P–Zr membrane. However, the P–Si exhibited the highest BOD rejection (99.76%), and P–Zr displayed the highest TOC rejection (96%). Overall, modification with ZrO2–LiCl offering superior performance. These findings are significant for advancing UF membrane anti-fouling in oily wastewater treatment.

Keywords

• Oily waste water
• Hydrophilic
• Membrane technology
• Separation