Chemical Profiling and Biological Properties of Essential Oils of <i>Lavandula stoechas</i> L. Collected from Three Moroccan Sites: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations
Taoufiq Benali,
Ahmed Lemhadri,
Kaoutar Harboul,
Houda Chtibi,
Abdelmajid Khabbach,
Si Mohamed Jadouali,
Luisa Quesada-Romero,
Said Louahlia,
Khalil Hammani,
Adib Ghaleb,
Learn-Han Lee,
Abdelhakim Bouyahya,
Marius Emil Rusu,
Mohamed Akhazzane
Affiliations
Taoufiq Benali
Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 46030, Morocco
Ahmed Lemhadri
Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 46030, Morocco
Kaoutar Harboul
Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Taza 30050, Morocco
Houda Chtibi
Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Taza 30050, Morocco
Abdelmajid Khabbach
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources (BCVRN), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, B.P. 1796, Fez 30003, Morocco
Si Mohamed Jadouali
Department of Biotechnology and Analysis EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Khenifra 23000, Morocco
Luisa Quesada-Romero
Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, General Lagos 1163, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
Said Louahlia
Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Taza 30050, Morocco
Khalil Hammani
Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Taza 30050, Morocco
Adib Ghaleb
Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi 46030, Morocco
Learn-Han Lee
Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
Abdelhakim Bouyahya
Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10100, Morocco
Marius Emil Rusu
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Mohamed Akhazzane
Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
The aim of this study was the determination of the chemical compounds of Lavandula stoechas essential oil from Aknol (LSEOA), Khenifra (LSEOK), and Beni Mellal (LSEOB), and the in vitro investigation of their antibacterial, anticandidal, and antioxidant effects, and in silico anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. The chemical profile of LSEO was determined using GC-MS-MS analysis, the results of which showed a qualitative and quantitative variation in the chemical composition of volatile compounds including L-fenchone, cubebol, camphor, bornyl acetate, and τ-muurolol; indicating that the biosynthesis of essential oils of Lavandula stoechas (LSEO) varied depending on the site of growth. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ABTS and FRAP methods, our results showed that this tested oil is endowed with an ABTS inhibitory effect and an important reducing power which varies between 4.82 ± 1.52 and 15.73 ± 3.26 mg EAA/g extract. The results of antibacterial activity of LSEOA, LSEOK and LSEOB, tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, revealed that B. subtilis (20.66 ± 1.15–25 ± 4.35 mm), P. mirabilis (18.66 ± 1.15–18.66 ± 1.15 mm), and P. aeruginosa (13.33 ± 1.15–19 ± 1.00 mm) are the most susceptible strains to LSEOA, LSEOK and LSEOB of which LSEOB exhibits bactericidal effect against P. mirabilis. furthermore The LSEO exhibited varying degrees of anticandidal activity with an inhibition zones of 25.33 ± 0.5, 22.66 ± 2.51, and 19 ± 1 mm for LSEOK, LSEOB, and LSEOA, respectively. Additionally, the in silico molecular docking process, performed using Chimera Vina and Surflex-Dock programs, indicated that LSEO could inhibit SARS-CoV-2. These important biological properties of LSEO qualify this plant as an interesting source of natural bioactive compounds with medicinal actions.
