Preoperative C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio and Its Ability to Predict Outcomes of Pancreatic Cancer Resection: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objectives. To evaluate the ability of the c-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) in predicting outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatic cancer resection. Methods. A systematic search of electronic information sources and bibliographic reference lists was conducted. Survival outcomes and perioperative morbidity were the evaluated outcome parameters. Results. Eight studies reporting a total of 1056 patients undergoing pancreatic cancer resection were identified. The median cut-off value for CAR was 0.05 (range 0.0003–0.54). Using multivariate analysis, all studies demonstrated that a higher CAR value was an independent and significant predictor of poor overall survival in patients undergoing pancreatic cancer resection. The estimated hazard ratio (HR) ranged from 1.4 to 3.6. Although there was a positive correlation between the reported cut-off values for CAR and HRs for overall survival, it was weak and non-significant (r = 0.36, n = 6, p = 0.480). There was significant between-study heterogeneity. Conclusions. Preoperative CAR value seems to be an important prognostic score in predicting survival outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatic cancer resection. However, the current evidence does not allow the determination of an optimal cut-off value for CAR, considering the heterogeneous reporting of cut-off values by the available studies and the lack of knowledge of their sensitivity and specificity. Future research is required.

Keywords

• pancreatic cancer
• C-reactive protein
• Albumin
• prognostic score