利用海洋微藻生产二十二碳六烯酸的研究进展Research progress on production of docosahexaenoic acid by utilizing marine microalgae

Abstract

二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）是一种ω-3 系多不饱和脂肪酸，对人体生长发育和健康具有重要作用，但其传统来源并不稳定且会引入鱼腥味，因此积极开发DHA新来源具有重要的研究价值和市场潜力。介绍了DHA的结构、理化性质、功能特性和来源，并从微生物产DHA途径，高产DHA藻种裂壶藻和寇氏隐甲藻的特点、诱变选育种情况、摇瓶培养条件和发酵工艺优化等方面阐述了微生物发酵生产DHA的研究情况。另外，从食用油和乳液两个方面对DHA藻油在食品中的应用情况进行了介绍。目前以裂壶藻和寇氏隐甲藻发酵生产DHA已取得初步成功，可以为现有生产提供理论基础，但有关胞内合成DHA和精准调控实现DHA增产还有待进一步研究。 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a kind of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, playing an important role in human physical development and health. However, the traditional sources for DHA are unstable and introduce the fishy smell for the products. Therefore, developing new sources for DHA actively shows important research value and market potential. The structure, physicochemical properties, functional properties and sources of DHA were introduced. The research on the production of DHA by microbial fermentation was described in terms of synthesis pathway of DHA, the characteristics, the mutagenesis breeding situation, the optimization of shake flask culture conditions and fermentation process of the high DHA-producing algae strains Schiztochytrium and Crypthecodinium cohnii. In addition, the application of DHA algal oil was introduced from two aspects of edible oils and emulsions. At present, the production of DHA by fermentation with Schizochytrium and Crypthecodinium cohnii has achieved initial success, which can provide a theoretical basis for the production. However, the intracellular synthesis of DHA and the precise regulation of DHA production need further research.

Keywords

• 二十二碳六烯酸；寇氏隐甲藻；裂壶藻；突变株
• docosahexaenoic acid; crypthecodinium cohnii; schizochytrium; mutant