Imaging Spatiotemporal Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference of Biphoton States of Extremely High Schmidt Number

Abstract

We report the experimental observation of a spatiotemporal Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference of biphoton states of extremely high Schmidt number. Two-photon interference of 1500 spatial modes and a total of more than 3×10^{6} spatiotemporal modes is evidenced by measuring momentum spatial coincidences, without any prior selection of the photons in time and space coincidence, between the pixels of the far-field images of two strongly multimode spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) beams propagating through a HOM interferometer. The outgoing SPDC beams are recorded on two separate detector arrays operating in the photon-counting regime. The properties of HOM interference are investigated both in the time and space domains. We show that the two-photon interference exhibits temporal and two-dimensional spatial HOM dips with visibilities of 60% and widths in good agreement with the spatiotemporal coherence properties of the biphoton state. Moreover, we demonstrate that maxima of momentum spatial coincidences are evidenced within each image, in correspondence with these dips.